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Ask HN: Are there examples of 3D printing data onto physical surfaces?

catapart | 2026-02-13 20:44 UTC | source
17 points | 33 comments | original link
I had a thought about encoding a very small amount of data onto some kind of "disk" using 3D printing as the mechanism for filament-based storage. The assumption was that using common 3D printer measurement tools (like for bed-leveling) would provide a way to read back whatever data was encoded onto the surface.

Since that seems like a pretty well-known concept, crudely applied to a domain I haven't seen it in before - but is already large and growing fast - I'm assuming that others have thought of this? I was hoping maybe someone had implemented something like it? And then, obviously, if that proof of concept exists, I'd wonder about some kind of advanced version that used specialized equipment for the reading (and possibly the writing/printing).

In any case, I'm just curious. I was thinking about long term (century +) archival storage, or encryption keys only stored as the print with no digital copies. Stuff that wouldn't need tons of storage, but would be crucial to maintain statically. It probably wouldn't be useful for that, which is why I assume I'm not finding much in my searches for it. But I was just wondering if anyone knew about it, in case there is stuff it's good for.

Comments

arjie | 2026-02-14 06:18 UTC
Seems like low data density. I recall some people talking about laser-engraving. IMHO engraving on a solid chemically-inert surface is more likely to be useful.
lukan | 2026-02-14 07:23 UTC
Like a CD/DVD?
giantg2 | 2026-02-14 11:56 UTC
That, or a data crystal.
catapart | 2026-02-15 14:02 UTC
Yeah. I kind of lumped in engraving with 3D printing because the difference is really just a toolhead (simplified; motors, tolerances, etc, but still). But that's part of what the 'specialized tool' part of the question was meant to cover. Like, if you can store data in an additive way, you can obviously store it in a subtractive way. But... is anyone doing that with a 3D printer? Or a CNC machine, for that matter?

I think some of the other answered showed that people are, it's just pretty niche. Not something a hobbyist can (currently) do, but definitely the same idea at a production scale.

8note | 2026-02-14 06:31 UTC
why not print onto paper and put it in a safety deposit box?

your X/Y resolution isnt going to be fantastic woth filament, but your Z is gonna really suck.

you could instead print(emboss?) like a barcode on some paper, and encase that in resin. the big benefit being that you can read it non-destructively. keep it out of the sun so whatever ink doesnt fade and you're set

ungreased0675 | 2026-02-14 07:01 UTC
You could print an old-school punch card, bring it full circle.
biot | 2026-02-14 07:14 UTC
Depending on how you define 3D printing: braille.
humdaanm | 2026-02-14 07:22 UTC
To satisfy the "disk" condition, would a vinyl record suit your needs?
loandbehold | 2026-02-14 07:33 UTC
I read somewhere about people using 3D printers to make vinyl records.
j_leboulanger | 2026-02-14 07:40 UTC
Wasn’t that an april fool joke ?
catapart | 2026-02-15 14:05 UTC
I think vinyl would, but as others have noted, it probably wouldn't satisfy the "3D printed" condition.

I know this wasn't in the original ask, but my focus was on what I would be able to do, as far as archival storage, if I had a 3D printer. The assumption being that it's easier for me to have, maintain, and use a 3D printer than it would be for me to have a vinyl press.

boje | 2026-02-14 07:26 UTC
Wouldn't that be just QR codes (and equivalents)? I suppose 3D printers can be used to etch/print them onto a durable material and then have it read back using the measuring tools you mention, but at that point I think you would be better off just 3D-printing out something like a a vinyl disc maker/reader and using that.
thenthenthen | 2026-02-14 07:27 UTC
Some sort of wire recorder? The teeth of the 3d printer ‘driver’ (sorry lost on the terminology here) already make an imprint on the filament, maybe it could be made intentional
catapart | 2026-02-15 14:12 UTC
Wow! Now that's some outside the box thinking. That even seems to suggest that "watermarking" a print (or a small, hard to notice part of a print) would be possible.

I also think you could get denser storage that way? I guess depending upon how thick the "wire" is? But it's an interesting idea for both just printing the wire, and for the driver-teeth imprinting, separately. Very cool!

thenthenthen | 2026-02-16 03:55 UTC
Not sure how it will survive extrusion. But yeah, the wire is a cylinder so you can ‘imprint’ multple ‘sides’. Another idea, some form of anti temper encryption like little particles (flock) inside the filament (like those colored rice anti temper methods)
krisoft | 2026-02-14 07:44 UTC
How much data do you want to preserve?

I know it sounds “boring” but it is hard to beat a good acid-free archival paper printed with a good quality ink. Stored in the right circumstances (not too humid, dark place, not on fire) it should last half a millennia easily. It is also pretty much guaranteed that whatever happens we will have the technology to read it again.

Exotics like laser engraved metal plates or ceramics might be better if you have a lot of data and can’t guarantee your storage will be fire and flood free. If you don’t have a lot of data you can also think of engraving it into stone or press it into a clay tablet and fire it. These mediums are known to be very stable even in adverse circumstances.

catapart | 2026-02-15 13:55 UTC
Right on. Simple text/encoded strings weren't really on my mind while imagining the more complicated solution, but you're right that data is probably best preserved with just "printing" rather than 3d printing.

I didn't have an amount in mind, I was just kind of wondering about the hobbyist aspect. Like if I woke up one day and realized I need to archive something and my most readily available tool was a 3d printer, would I have to come up with my own scheme, or has someone already done it?

Animats | 2026-02-14 07:57 UTC
There are M-Disks. These are CD/DVD/BluRay disks which use a drive with a higher power laser and work by ablating a metal layer, rather than a photosensitive dye as in the lower-powered disks. Regular drives will read both kinds.

For a small amount of data (crypto keys?), consider deep laser engraving on stainless steel. That's very durable. Or even engrave text into stainless steel with a small CNC mill.

You can engrave QR codes, bar codes, etc. But there's a lot to be said for engraving plain text.

giantg2 | 2026-02-14 11:58 UTC
Just get a set of alpha numeric punches and blank dog tags for crypto keys. Much cheaper than engraving.
Animats | 2026-02-14 19:49 UTC
Good answer. A set of punches is about $25, and a manual dog tag stamping machine (set wheel to desired character, pull lever) is about $250. That will get you a tough piece of metal.
simonjgreen | 2026-02-14 08:13 UTC
First example I thought of is the titanium punch sheets and wordlists for crypto wallet recovery phrases https://shop.ledger.com/products/cryptotag-zeus and https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/bip-003...

There is also Microsoft Project Silica which I recall seeing in person at their EBC playing back a movie from it https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/project-sil...

Then there is m-disc which uses the DVD+R and BD-R/BDXL standards but writing to a sort of glass rather than to the traditional medium. These are cool as they play back n regular players too. https://www.mdisc.com/